master

laravel/framework

Last updated at: 29/12/2023 09:23

SqlServerGrammar.php

TLDR

This file, SqlServerGrammar.php, is a part of the Illuminate\Database\Schema\Grammars namespace. It extends the Grammar class and contains methods for compiling SQL statements related to SQL Server schema operations. These methods include compiling create, drop, and modify table commands, as well as retrieving information about tables, columns, indexes, foreign keys, and more.

Methods

compileCreateDatabase

Compiles a create database command.

compileDropDatabaseIfExists

Compiles a drop database if exists command.

compileTableExists

Compiles the query to determine if a table exists.

compileTables

Compiles the query to determine the tables.

compileViews

Compiles the query to determine the views.

compileGetAllTables

Compiles the SQL needed to retrieve all table names.

compileGetAllViews

Compiles the SQL needed to retrieve all view names.

compileColumnListing

Compiles the query to determine the list of columns.

compileColumns

Compiles the query to determine the columns.

compileIndexes

Compiles the query to determine the indexes.

compileForeignKeys

Compiles the query to determine the foreign keys.

compileCreate

Compiles a create table command.

compileAdd

Compiles a column addition table command.

compileRenameColumn

Compiles a rename column command.

compileChange

Compiles a change column command into a series of SQL statements.

compilePrimary

Compiles a primary key command.

compileUnique

Compiles a unique key command.

compileIndex

Compiles a plain index key command.

compileSpatialIndex

Compiles a spatial index key command.

compileDefault

Compiles a default command.

compileDrop

Compiles a drop table command.

compileDropIfExists

Compiles a drop table (if exists) command.

compileDropAllTables

Compiles the SQL needed to drop all tables.

compileDropColumn

Compiles a drop column command.

compileDropDefaultConstraint

Compiles a drop default constraint command.

compileDropPrimary

Compiles a drop primary key command.

compileDropUnique

Compiles a drop unique key command.

compileDropIndex

Compiles a drop index command.

compileDropSpatialIndex

Compiles a drop spatial index command.

compileDropForeign

Compiles a drop foreign key command.

compileRename

Compiles a rename table command.

compileRenameIndex

Compiles a rename index command.

compileEnableForeignKeyConstraints

Compiles the command to enable foreign key constraints.

compileDisableForeignKeyConstraints

Compiles the command to disable foreign key constraints.

compileDropAllForeignKeys

Compiles the command to drop all foreign keys.

compileDropAllViews

Compiles the command to drop all views.

typeChar

Creates the column definition for a char type.

typeString

Creates the column definition for a string type.

typeTinyText

Creates the column definition for a tiny text type.

typeText

Creates the column definition for a text type.

typeMediumText

Creates the column definition for a medium text type.

typeLongText

Creates the column definition for a long text type.

typeInteger

Creates the column definition for an integer type.

typeBigInteger

Creates the column definition for a big integer type.

typeMediumInteger

Creates the column definition for a medium integer type.

typeTinyInteger

Creates the column definition for a tiny integer type.

typeSmallInteger

Creates the column definition for a small integer type.

typeFloat

Creates the column definition for a float type.

typeDouble

Creates the column definition for a double type.

typeDecimal

Creates the column definition for a decimal type.

typeBoolean

Creates the column definition for a boolean type.

typeEnum

Creates the column definition for an enumeration type.

typeJson

Creates the column definition for a json type.

typeJsonb

Creates the column definition for a jsonb type.

typeDate

Creates the column definition for a date type.

typeDateTime

Creates the column definition for a date-time type.

typeDateTimeTz

Creates the column definition for a date-time (with time zone) type.

typeTime

Creates the column definition for a time type.

typeTimeTz

Creates the column definition for a time (with time zone) type.

typeTimestamp

Creates the column definition for a timestamp type.

typeTimestampTz

Creates the column definition for a timestamp (with time zone) type.

typeYear

Creates the column definition for a year type.

typeBinary

Creates the column definition for a binary type.

typeUuid

Creates the column definition for a uuid type.

typeIpAddress

Creates the column definition for an IP address type.

typeMacAddress

Creates the column definition for a MAC address type.

typeGeometry

Creates the column definition for a spatial Geometry type.

typePoint

Creates the column definition for a spatial Point type.

typeLineString

Creates the column definition for a spatial LineString type.

typePolygon

Creates the column definition for a spatial Polygon type.

typeGeometryCollection

Creates the column definition for a spatial GeometryCollection type.

typeMultiPoint

Creates the column definition for a spatial MultiPoint type.

typeMultiLineString

Creates the column definition for a spatial MultiLineString type.

typeMultiPolygon

Creates the column definition for a spatial MultiPolygon type.

typeComputed

Creates the column definition for a generated, computed column type.

modifyCollate

Get the SQL for a collation column modifier.

modifyNullable

Get the SQL for a nullable column modifier.

modifyDefault

Get the SQL for a default column modifier.

modifyIncrement

Get the SQL for an auto-increment column modifier.

modifyPersisted

Get the SQL for a generated stored column modifier.

wrapTable

Wrap a table in keyword identifiers.

quoteString

Quote the given string literal.

<?php

namespace Illuminate\Database\Schema\Grammars;

use Illuminate\Database\Connection;
use Illuminate\Database\Query\Expression;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Fluent;

class SqlServerGrammar extends Grammar
{
    /**
     * If this Grammar supports schema changes wrapped in a transaction.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $transactions = true;

    /**
     * The possible column modifiers.
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $modifiers = ['Collate', 'Nullable', 'Default', 'Persisted', 'Increment'];

    /**
     * The columns available as serials.
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $serials = ['tinyInteger', 'smallInteger', 'mediumInteger', 'integer', 'bigInteger'];

    /**
     * The commands to be executed outside of create or alter command.
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected $fluentCommands = ['Default'];

    /**
     * Compile a create database command.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileCreateDatabase($name, $connection)
    {
        return sprintf(
            'create database %s',
            $this->wrapValue($name),
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop database if exists command.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropDatabaseIfExists($name)
    {
        return sprintf(
            'drop database if exists %s',
            $this->wrapValue($name)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile the query to determine if a table exists.
     *
     * @deprecated Will be removed in a future Laravel version.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileTableExists()
    {
        return "select * from sys.sysobjects where id = object_id(?) and xtype in ('U', 'V')";
    }

    /**
     * Compile the query to determine the tables.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileTables()
    {
        return 'select t.name as name, SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) as [schema], sum(u.total_pages) * 8 * 1024 as size '
            .'from sys.tables as t '
            .'join sys.partitions as p on p.object_id = t.object_id '
            .'join sys.allocation_units as u on u.container_id = p.hobt_id '
            .'group by t.name, t.schema_id '
            .'order by t.name';
    }

    /**
     * Compile the query to determine the views.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileViews()
    {
        return 'select name, SCHEMA_NAME(v.schema_id) as [schema], definition from sys.views as v '
            .'inner join sys.sql_modules as m on v.object_id = m.object_id '
            .'order by name';
    }

    /**
     * Compile the SQL needed to retrieve all table names.
     *
     * @deprecated Will be removed in a future Laravel version.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileGetAllTables()
    {
        return "select name, type from sys.tables where type = 'U'";
    }

    /**
     * Compile the SQL needed to retrieve all view names.
     *
     * @deprecated Will be removed in a future Laravel version.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileGetAllViews()
    {
        return "select name, type from sys.objects where type = 'V'";
    }

    /**
     * Compile the query to determine the list of columns.
     *
     * @deprecated Will be removed in a future Laravel version.
     *
     * @param  string  $table
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileColumnListing($table)
    {
        return "select name from sys.columns where object_id = object_id('$table')";
    }

    /**
     * Compile the query to determine the columns.
     *
     * @param  string  $table
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileColumns($table)
    {
        return sprintf(
            'select col.name, type.name as type_name, '
            .'col.max_length as length, col.precision as precision, col.scale as places, '
            .'col.is_nullable as nullable, def.definition as [default], '
            .'col.is_identity as autoincrement, col.collation_name as collation, '
            .'cast(prop.value as nvarchar(max)) as comment '
            .'from sys.columns as col '
            .'join sys.types as type on col.user_type_id = type.user_type_id '
            .'join sys.objects as obj on col.object_id = obj.object_id '
            .'join sys.schemas as scm on obj.schema_id = scm.schema_id '
            .'left join sys.default_constraints def on col.default_object_id = def.object_id and col.object_id = def.parent_object_id '
            ."left join sys.extended_properties as prop on obj.object_id = prop.major_id and col.column_id = prop.minor_id and prop.name = 'MS_Description' "
            ."where obj.type in ('U', 'V') and obj.name = %s and scm.name = SCHEMA_NAME() "
            .'order by col.column_id',
            $this->quoteString($table),
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile the query to determine the indexes.
     *
     * @param  string  $table
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileIndexes($table)
    {
        return sprintf(
            "select idx.name as name, string_agg(col.name, ',') within group (order by idxcol.key_ordinal) as columns, "
            .'idx.type_desc as [type], idx.is_unique as [unique], idx.is_primary_key as [primary] '
            .'from sys.indexes as idx '
            .'join sys.tables as tbl on idx.object_id = tbl.object_id '
            .'join sys.schemas as scm on tbl.schema_id = scm.schema_id '
            .'join sys.index_columns as idxcol on idx.object_id = idxcol.object_id and idx.index_id = idxcol.index_id '
            .'join sys.columns as col on idxcol.object_id = col.object_id and idxcol.column_id = col.column_id '
            .'where tbl.name = %s and scm.name = SCHEMA_NAME() '
            .'group by idx.name, idx.type_desc, idx.is_unique, idx.is_primary_key',
            $this->quoteString($table),
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile the query to determine the foreign keys.
     *
     * @param  string  $table
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileForeignKeys($table)
    {
        return sprintf(
            'select fk.name as name, '
            ."string_agg(lc.name, ',') within group (order by fkc.constraint_column_id) as columns, "
            .'fs.name as foreign_schema, ft.name as foreign_table, '
            ."string_agg(fc.name, ',') within group (order by fkc.constraint_column_id) as foreign_columns, "
            .'fk.update_referential_action_desc as on_update, '
            .'fk.delete_referential_action_desc as on_delete '
            .'from sys.foreign_keys as fk '
            .'join sys.foreign_key_columns as fkc on fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id '
            .'join sys.tables as lt on lt.object_id = fk.parent_object_id '
            .'join sys.schemas as ls on lt.schema_id = ls.schema_id '
            .'join sys.columns as lc on fkc.parent_object_id = lc.object_id and fkc.parent_column_id = lc.column_id '
            .'join sys.tables as ft on ft.object_id = fk.referenced_object_id '
            .'join sys.schemas as fs on ft.schema_id = fs.schema_id '
            .'join sys.columns as fc on fkc.referenced_object_id = fc.object_id and fkc.referenced_column_id = fc.column_id '
            .'where lt.name = %s and ls.name = SCHEMA_NAME() '
            .'group by fk.name, fs.name, ft.name, fk.update_referential_action_desc, fk.delete_referential_action_desc',
            $this->quoteString($table)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile a create table command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileCreate(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        $columns = implode(', ', $this->getColumns($blueprint));

        return 'create table '.$this->wrapTable($blueprint)." ($columns)";
    }

    /**
     * Compile a column addition table command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileAdd(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return sprintf('alter table %s add %s',
            $this->wrapTable($blueprint),
            implode(', ', $this->getColumns($blueprint))
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile a rename column command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
     * @return array|string
     */
    public function compileRenameColumn(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command, Connection $connection)
    {
        return $connection->usingNativeSchemaOperations()
            ? sprintf("sp_rename '%s', %s, 'COLUMN'",
                $this->wrap($blueprint->getTable().'.'.$command->from),
                $this->wrap($command->to)
            )
            : parent::compileRenameColumn($blueprint, $command, $connection);
    }

    /**
     * Compile a change column command into a series of SQL statements.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
     * @return array|string
     *
     * @throws \RuntimeException
     */
    public function compileChange(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command, Connection $connection)
    {
        if (! $connection->usingNativeSchemaOperations()) {
            return parent::compileChange($blueprint, $command, $connection);
        }

        $changes = [$this->compileDropDefaultConstraint($blueprint, $command)];

        foreach ($blueprint->getChangedColumns() as $column) {
            $sql = sprintf('alter table %s alter column %s %s',
                $this->wrapTable($blueprint),
                $this->wrap($column),
                $this->getType($column)
            );

            foreach ($this->modifiers as $modifier) {
                if (method_exists($this, $method = "modify{$modifier}")) {
                    $sql .= $this->{$method}($blueprint, $column);
                }
            }

            $changes[] = $sql;
        }

        return $changes;
    }

    /**
     * Compile a primary key command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compilePrimary(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return sprintf('alter table %s add constraint %s primary key (%s)',
            $this->wrapTable($blueprint),
            $this->wrap($command->index),
            $this->columnize($command->columns)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile a unique key command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileUnique(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return sprintf('create unique index %s on %s (%s)',
            $this->wrap($command->index),
            $this->wrapTable($blueprint),
            $this->columnize($command->columns)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile a plain index key command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileIndex(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return sprintf('create index %s on %s (%s)',
            $this->wrap($command->index),
            $this->wrapTable($blueprint),
            $this->columnize($command->columns)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile a spatial index key command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileSpatialIndex(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return sprintf('create spatial index %s on %s (%s)',
            $this->wrap($command->index),
            $this->wrapTable($blueprint),
            $this->columnize($command->columns)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile a default command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string|null
     */
    public function compileDefault(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        if ($command->column->change && ! is_null($command->column->default)) {
            return sprintf('alter table %s add default %s for %s',
                $this->wrapTable($blueprint),
                $this->getDefaultValue($command->column->default),
                $this->wrap($command->column)
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop table command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDrop(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return 'drop table '.$this->wrapTable($blueprint);
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop table (if exists) command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropIfExists(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return sprintf('if exists (select * from sys.sysobjects where id = object_id(%s, \'U\')) drop table %s',
            "'".str_replace("'", "''", $this->getTablePrefix().$blueprint->getTable())."'",
            $this->wrapTable($blueprint)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile the SQL needed to drop all tables.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropAllTables()
    {
        return "EXEC sp_msforeachtable 'DROP TABLE ?'";
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop column command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropColumn(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        $columns = $this->wrapArray($command->columns);

        $dropExistingConstraintsSql = $this->compileDropDefaultConstraint($blueprint, $command).';';

        return $dropExistingConstraintsSql.'alter table '.$this->wrapTable($blueprint).' drop column '.implode(', ', $columns);
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop default constraint command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropDefaultConstraint(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        $columns = $command->name === 'change'
            ? "'".collect($blueprint->getChangedColumns())->pluck('name')->implode("','")."'"
            : "'".implode("','", $command->columns)."'";

        $tableName = $this->getTablePrefix().$blueprint->getTable();

        $sql = "DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';";
        $sql .= "SELECT @sql += 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[{$tableName}] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + OBJECT_NAME([default_object_id]) + ';' ";
        $sql .= 'FROM sys.columns ';
        $sql .= "WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('[dbo].[{$tableName}]') AND [name] in ({$columns}) AND [default_object_id] <> 0;";
        $sql .= 'EXEC(@sql)';

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop primary key command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropPrimary(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        $index = $this->wrap($command->index);

        return "alter table {$this->wrapTable($blueprint)} drop constraint {$index}";
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop unique key command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropUnique(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        $index = $this->wrap($command->index);

        return "drop index {$index} on {$this->wrapTable($blueprint)}";
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop index command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropIndex(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        $index = $this->wrap($command->index);

        return "drop index {$index} on {$this->wrapTable($blueprint)}";
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop spatial index command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropSpatialIndex(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return $this->compileDropIndex($blueprint, $command);
    }

    /**
     * Compile a drop foreign key command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropForeign(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        $index = $this->wrap($command->index);

        return "alter table {$this->wrapTable($blueprint)} drop constraint {$index}";
    }

    /**
     * Compile a rename table command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileRename(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        $from = $this->wrapTable($blueprint);

        return "sp_rename {$from}, ".$this->wrapTable($command->to);
    }

    /**
     * Compile a rename index command.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $command
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileRenameIndex(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $command)
    {
        return sprintf("sp_rename N'%s', %s, N'INDEX'",
            $this->wrap($blueprint->getTable().'.'.$command->from),
            $this->wrap($command->to)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Compile the command to enable foreign key constraints.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileEnableForeignKeyConstraints()
    {
        return 'EXEC sp_msforeachtable @command1="print \'?\'", @command2="ALTER TABLE ? WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT all";';
    }

    /**
     * Compile the command to disable foreign key constraints.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDisableForeignKeyConstraints()
    {
        return 'EXEC sp_msforeachtable "ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT all";';
    }

    /**
     * Compile the command to drop all foreign keys.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropAllForeignKeys()
    {
        return "DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';
            SELECT @sql += 'ALTER TABLE '
                + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id)) + '.' + + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id))
                + ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME(name) + ';'
            FROM sys.foreign_keys;

            EXEC sp_executesql @sql;";
    }

    /**
     * Compile the command to drop all views.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function compileDropAllViews()
    {
        return "DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';
            SELECT @sql += 'DROP VIEW ' + QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(object_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(name) + ';'
            FROM sys.views;

            EXEC sp_executesql @sql;";
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a char type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeChar(Fluent $column)
    {
        return "nchar({$column->length})";
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a string type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeString(Fluent $column)
    {
        return "nvarchar({$column->length})";
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a tiny text type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeTinyText(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'nvarchar(255)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a text type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeText(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'nvarchar(max)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a medium text type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeMediumText(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'nvarchar(max)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a long text type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeLongText(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'nvarchar(max)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for an integer type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeInteger(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'int';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a big integer type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeBigInteger(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'bigint';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a medium integer type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeMediumInteger(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'int';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a tiny integer type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeTinyInteger(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'tinyint';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a small integer type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeSmallInteger(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'smallint';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a float type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeFloat(Fluent $column)
    {
        if ($column->precision) {
            return "float({$column->precision})";
        }

        return 'float';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a double type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeDouble(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'double precision';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a decimal type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeDecimal(Fluent $column)
    {
        return "decimal({$column->total}, {$column->places})";
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a boolean type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeBoolean(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'bit';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for an enumeration type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeEnum(Fluent $column)
    {
        return sprintf(
            'nvarchar(255) check ("%s" in (%s))',
            $column->name,
            $this->quoteString($column->allowed)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a json type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeJson(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'nvarchar(max)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a jsonb type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeJsonb(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'nvarchar(max)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a date type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeDate(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'date';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a date-time type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeDateTime(Fluent $column)
    {
        return $this->typeTimestamp($column);
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a date-time (with time zone) type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeDateTimeTz(Fluent $column)
    {
        return $this->typeTimestampTz($column);
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a time type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeTime(Fluent $column)
    {
        return $column->precision ? "time($column->precision)" : 'time';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a time (with time zone) type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeTimeTz(Fluent $column)
    {
        return $this->typeTime($column);
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a timestamp type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeTimestamp(Fluent $column)
    {
        if ($column->useCurrent) {
            $column->default(new Expression('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'));
        }

        return $column->precision ? "datetime2($column->precision)" : 'datetime';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a timestamp (with time zone) type.
     *
     * @link https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/data-types/datetimeoffset-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeTimestampTz(Fluent $column)
    {
        if ($column->useCurrent) {
            $column->default(new Expression('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'));
        }

        return $column->precision ? "datetimeoffset($column->precision)" : 'datetimeoffset';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a year type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeYear(Fluent $column)
    {
        return $this->typeInteger($column);
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a binary type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeBinary(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'varbinary(max)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a uuid type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeUuid(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'uniqueidentifier';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for an IP address type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeIpAddress(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'nvarchar(45)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a MAC address type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    protected function typeMacAddress(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'nvarchar(17)';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a spatial Geometry type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function typeGeometry(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'geography';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a spatial Point type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function typePoint(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'geography';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a spatial LineString type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function typeLineString(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'geography';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a spatial Polygon type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function typePolygon(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'geography';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a spatial GeometryCollection type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function typeGeometryCollection(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'geography';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a spatial MultiPoint type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function typeMultiPoint(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'geography';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a spatial MultiLineString type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function typeMultiLineString(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'geography';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a spatial MultiPolygon type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string
     */
    public function typeMultiPolygon(Fluent $column)
    {
        return 'geography';
    }

    /**
     * Create the column definition for a generated, computed column type.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function typeComputed(Fluent $column)
    {
        return "as ({$this->getValue($column->expression)})";
    }

    /**
     * Get the SQL for a collation column modifier.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function modifyCollate(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $column)
    {
        if (! is_null($column->collation)) {
            return ' collate '.$column->collation;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the SQL for a nullable column modifier.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function modifyNullable(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $column)
    {
        if ($column->type !== 'computed') {
            return $column->nullable ? ' null' : ' not null';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the SQL for a default column modifier.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function modifyDefault(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $column)
    {
        if (! $column->change && ! is_null($column->default)) {
            return ' default '.$this->getDefaultValue($column->default);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the SQL for an auto-increment column modifier.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function modifyIncrement(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $column)
    {
        if (! $column->change && in_array($column->type, $this->serials) && $column->autoIncrement) {
            return ' identity primary key';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the SQL for a generated stored column modifier.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint  $blueprint
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Fluent  $column
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function modifyPersisted(Blueprint $blueprint, Fluent $column)
    {
        if ($column->change) {
            if ($column->type === 'computed') {
                return $column->persisted ? ' add persisted' : ' drop persisted';
            }

            return null;
        }

        if ($column->persisted) {
            return ' persisted';
        }
    }

    /**
     * Wrap a table in keyword identifiers.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint|\Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Query\Expression|string  $table
     * @return string
     */
    public function wrapTable($table)
    {
        if ($table instanceof Blueprint && $table->temporary) {
            $this->setTablePrefix('#');
        }

        return parent::wrapTable($table);
    }

    /**
     * Quote the given string literal.
     *
     * @param  string|array  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public function quoteString($value)
    {
        if (is_array($value)) {
            return implode(', ', array_map([$this, __FUNCTION__], $value));
        }

        return "N'$value'";
    }
}